定语从句与其他句型、从句、句子的区别

1.定语从句与时间/地点状语从句的区别:

如果有名词作先行词是定语从句,否则是状语从句。

You'd better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.你最好在有问题的地方作个记号。(有 the spot先行词,是定语从句)

You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.哪里有问题你最好在哪里作个记号。(无先行词,是地点状语从句) 

You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.你应养成习惯,把东西放在能找得着的地方。(地点状语从句)

January l is the day when the New Year begins.元月一日那一天是新年的开始。(有先行词 the day,是定语从句) 

It was January 1 when I paid a visit to my friend Jennifer.那天是元月一日,我拜访了朋友詹尼佛。(无先行词,是时间状语从句)

2.定语从句与结果状语从句的区别:

关键是看从句的连接词是否在句子中作成分,作成分的是定语从句,否则是结果状语从句。如:

He is such a kind person as everybody likes him.他是如此善良的人,每个人都喜欢他。(as 作 like 的宾语,故as引导的是定语从句。)

He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.他是如此善良的人,每个人都喜欢他。(that 不在句中作成分,故 that 引导结果状语从句。)

3.定语从句与同位语从句的区别:

主要是看连接词是否在句子中作成分,作成分的是定语从句,不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。如:

The news that he told us is exciting.他告诉我们的消息令人激动。(that在从句中作宾语,故 that 引导的是定语从句。) 

The news that he had been back surprised us all.他已经回来这个消息使我们都感到吃惊。(that 不在句中作成分,是同位语从句的引导词。)

4.定语从句与强调句型的辨别:

两者十分相似,稍不注意就会出错。判断是否是强调结构的方法是采用删除法,即去掉it was…that…,若整个句子结构和意义不受影响则为强调结构。

January 1 is the day when the New Year begins.元月一日那一天是新年的开始。(定语从句)

It was on January 1 that I paid a visit to my friend Jennifer.我是在元月一日这一天拜访了朋友詹尼佛的。(强调句型)(第二句中的 it was…that…去掉后,句子成立,是强调句。)

5.非限定性定语从句与并列句的区别:

定语从句与主句之间如果用“逗号”隔开,是非限定性定语从句;如果两个句子中间有连词(and，but，so)连接或两句中间用“分号”隔开,那么这个句子是并列句。

6.关系代词和人称代词的选择:

选关系代词还是人称代词,关键是分清句子的结构。

如果是非限定性定语从句(两句中间用“逗号”隔开,且无连词)用关系代词;如果是并列句(全句中有连词、两句中间为分号或句号)用人称代词(it 或 them )。

He has three sons, all of whom are doctors.他有三个儿子,他们都是医生。(非限定性定语从句) 

He has three sons,and all of them are doctors.他有三个儿子,他们都是医生。(and 引导并列分句)

There are two thousand students in our school,only twenty of whom are from England.我们学校有两千名学生,只有二十名来自英国。(非限定性定语从句)

There are two thousand students in our school,but only twenty of them are from England. 我们学校有两千名学生,但是只有二十名来自英国。(but引导并列分句)

He has three friends; none of them has/have been abroad.他有三个朋友,但没有一个出过国。

I have two storybooks, both of which are about the Long March.我有两本故事书,都是关于长征的。(非限定性定语从句)