巧记 that 和 which 的用法异同
巧记 that 和 which 的用法异同
助记歌诀:
that,which 引定从,一般情况可换用。
that 情况真不少,不妨对你表一表。
不定代词这类词,全用 that 准没错。
先行词被修饰,千万不能用 which。
which 用法要牢记,介词提前、逗隔离。
that 充当先行词,避免重复用 which。
说明:
1.相同点
这两个关系代词引导定语从句时,都可以指物;在句中都可作主语或宾语,作宾语时都可省略。如:
He told a story which/that moved us deeply.他讲了一个使我们深受感动的故事。(作主语)
A plane is a machine which/that can fly.飞机是会飞行的机器。(作主语)
The letter(that/which) I received yesterday was from a friend of mine.我昨天收到的那封信是我的朋友寄来的。(作宾语)
2.不同点
(1)下列情况用 that 而不用 which:
①当先行词是不定代词(all,little,much,none,everything, something,anything,nothing等)或被不定代词(all,every, some, any, no, little,much,few等)修饰时。如:
All that can be done has been done.凡能做的事情都已经做好了。
I'm going to buy everything (that) I need.我将去买我所需要的一切东西。
Are there any questions that you can't answer?你有不会回答的问题吗?
There is no work that he doesn't want to do.没有他不想干的工作。
②当先行词前有修饰词 only,just,last 时。如:
This is the only successful example that we know.这是我们所知道的唯一一个成功的例子。
The last place that we visited in the country was a farm.我们在农村参观的最后一个地方是一家农场。
③当先行词指“物”并被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。如:
This is one of the most exciting match that I have ever seen这是我所看过的比赛当中最激烈的一场。
The first thing that you should do is to get some food to eat,你首先要做的事情就是弄点儿吃的。
Mary was the first who/that arrived at the cinema.玛丽是第一个到达电影院的。(先行词指人用 who 或 that)
④当先行词指人又指物时。如:
They were talking about the students and teaching building that they saw in our school.他们正谈论在我们学校里看到的学生和教学楼。
He was talking about the people and the things that he re membered.他谈起了他记得的人和事。
Look at the man and his monkey that are walking up the street.瞧正在沿着街道走的人以及他的猴子。
The boy and dog that are in the picture are very lovely.图画上的小孩和狗都很可爱。
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is re ally well-known.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。
⑤先行词作表语时。如:
China is not the country that she was.中国已经不是过去的中国了。
Our village is no longer the place that it used to be我们村不是从前的那个样子了。
⑥主句是以 who,which 开头的疑问句,为了避免重复用 that。如:
Who is the man that is standing at the school gate?站在校门口的那个人是谁?
Which is the bus that was made in Shanghai?哪辆车是上海制造的?
⑦当先行词是数词时。如:
Yesterday he caught three fish and put them in the pool.
Now you can see the three that are still alive.昨天他逮了三条鱼,然后把它放进池子里。现在你能看见那三条还活着的鱼。
the only, the very, the same,no,any;
that 用法助记歌诀:
既指人又表物,高级、不定和序数。
(2)下列情况用 which 而不用 that:
①介词提到关系代词之前时。如:
This is the house in which Tom once lived.这是汤姆以前住过的房子。
This is the train by which we went to Beijing这就是我们去北京乘坐的那列火车。
②先行词本身为 that 时,为避免重复用 which。如: What's that which flashed in the sky just now?刚才在空中闪光的东西是什么?
③在非限制性定语从句中(主句和从句用逗号隔开)。如:
All the books here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by her.这里所有的书都是由她写的,书中有漂亮的插图。
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